2025
Pham, Son Van; Fujiwara, Akimasa; Chikaraishi, Makoto; Le, Son Anh; Xuan, Nang Ho
Understanding Human–Computer Interaction with Shared Autonomous Shuttles through Twin Experience: A Hybrid Choice Modeling Approach Journal Article
In: International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2025, ISSN: 1044-7318.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Mobility as a Service, Shared Autonomous Electric Mobility, Transportation
@article{nokey,
title = {Understanding Human–Computer Interaction with Shared Autonomous Shuttles through Twin Experience: A Hybrid Choice Modeling Approach},
author = {Son Van Pham and Akimasa Fujiwara and Makoto Chikaraishi and Son Anh Le and Nang Ho Xuan},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10447318.2025.2591777},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2591777},
issn = {1044-7318},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-11-28},
urldate = {2025-11-28},
journal = {International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction},
abstract = {This study investigates future mobility with the introduction of shared autonomous shuttles (SASs), focusing on how human–computer interaction (HCI) influences travel decisions, using a twin experience survey approach. Data were collected in January 2023 from 1376 participants, based on experimental scenarios with Level 4 SASs in Hanoi. A hybrid choice model was developed to examine the effects of HCI, travel attributes, latent psychological factors, and socio-demographic characteristics. The study suggests that SAS Economy could serve as an affordable and scalable complementation for short trips, greater satisfaction with SAS Economy over ride-hailing, and higher trust compared to motorbikes. The findings also highlight the need for transparent and adaptive service designs to foster user trust, and for policymakers to integrate SASs into broader Mobility as a Service strategies. Overall, this study supports a mobility-oriented development adaptable to diverse urban settings, contributing to carbon neutrality and the development of healthier cities through a smart mobility platform.},
keywords = {Mobility as a Service, Shared Autonomous Electric Mobility, Transportation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study investigates future mobility with the introduction of shared autonomous shuttles (SASs), focusing on how human–computer interaction (HCI) influences travel decisions, using a twin experience survey approach. Data were collected in January 2023 from 1376 participants, based on experimental scenarios with Level 4 SASs in Hanoi. A hybrid choice model was developed to examine the effects of HCI, travel attributes, latent psychological factors, and socio-demographic characteristics. The study suggests that SAS Economy could serve as an affordable and scalable complementation for short trips, greater satisfaction with SAS Economy over ride-hailing, and higher trust compared to motorbikes. The findings also highlight the need for transparent and adaptive service designs to foster user trust, and for policymakers to integrate SASs into broader Mobility as a Service strategies. Overall, this study supports a mobility-oriented development adaptable to diverse urban settings, contributing to carbon neutrality and the development of healthier cities through a smart mobility platform.
Pham, Son Van; Namgung, Hyewon; Akimasa, Fujiwara; Chikaraishi, Makoto; Nguyen, Thi Anh Hong; Do, Canh; Le, Anh Son; Ho, Xuan Nang
Transformative impacts of shared autonomous vehicles for first-last-mile mobility: A cyber-physical experiment concept Journal Article
In: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, vol. 34, no. 101640, 2025, ISSN: 2590-1982.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Mobility as a Service, Shared Autonomous Electric Mobility, Transportation
@article{nokey,
title = {Transformative impacts of shared autonomous vehicles for first-last-mile mobility: A cyber-physical experiment concept},
author = {Son Van Pham and Hyewon Namgung and Fujiwara Akimasa and Makoto Chikaraishi and Thi Anh Hong Nguyen and Canh Do and Anh Son Le and Xuan Nang Ho},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198225003197},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101640},
issn = {2590-1982},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-10-01},
urldate = {2025-10-01},
journal = {Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives},
volume = {34},
number = {101640},
abstract = {The study introduced the cyber-physical experiment concept (CPEC) to comprehensively investigate and demonstrate new mobility services, specifically focusing on the impact of shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) on the change of mode choice behavior. By synergistically combining cyber and physical experiments, the integrated experiment approach provided insights into user’s shifts to SAVs as a first-last-mile (FLM) mode choices in Hanoi. The study involved 1030 respondents in the cyber experiments and 346 respondents in the physical experiments with SAVs, respectively. Utilizing a panel mixed logit (PMXL) model and difference-in-differences (DID) analysis, the findings revealed that cyber and physical experiments significantly influenced behavior change following the introduction of SAVs, which were previously unavailable. Both the cyber and physical experiments improved overall preferences for SAVs. However, differences emerged between the groups: participants exposed only to cyber experiments showed higher travel mode transfer rates compared to those who participated in the physical experiments. From a policy perspective, this study advocates for an integrated system to address FLM challenges, particularly in the context of banning motorbikes in inner-city areas and positioning SAVs as viable alternatives. These findings underscore the theoretical contributions and practical implications of CPEC in integrating SAVs into public transportation systems to enhance FLM mobility.},
keywords = {Mobility as a Service, Shared Autonomous Electric Mobility, Transportation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The study introduced the cyber-physical experiment concept (CPEC) to comprehensively investigate and demonstrate new mobility services, specifically focusing on the impact of shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) on the change of mode choice behavior. By synergistically combining cyber and physical experiments, the integrated experiment approach provided insights into user’s shifts to SAVs as a first-last-mile (FLM) mode choices in Hanoi. The study involved 1030 respondents in the cyber experiments and 346 respondents in the physical experiments with SAVs, respectively. Utilizing a panel mixed logit (PMXL) model and difference-in-differences (DID) analysis, the findings revealed that cyber and physical experiments significantly influenced behavior change following the introduction of SAVs, which were previously unavailable. Both the cyber and physical experiments improved overall preferences for SAVs. However, differences emerged between the groups: participants exposed only to cyber experiments showed higher travel mode transfer rates compared to those who participated in the physical experiments. From a policy perspective, this study advocates for an integrated system to address FLM challenges, particularly in the context of banning motorbikes in inner-city areas and positioning SAVs as viable alternatives. These findings underscore the theoretical contributions and practical implications of CPEC in integrating SAVs into public transportation systems to enhance FLM mobility.
Pham, Son Van; Fujiwara, Akimasa; Chikaraishi, Makoto; Le, Anh Son; Xuan, Nang Ho
Mobility experiment twin for analyzing travel behavior decisions employing shared electric autonomous vehicles Journal Article
In: Transportation Letters: The International Journal of Transportation Research, 2025, ISSN: 1942-7867.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Behavior, Difference-in-differences (DiD), Mobility as a Service, Shared Autonomous Electric Mobility, Transportation
@article{nokey,
title = {Mobility experiment twin for analyzing travel behavior decisions employing shared electric autonomous vehicles},
author = {Son Van Pham and Akimasa Fujiwara and Makoto Chikaraishi and Anh Son Le and Nang Ho Xuan},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19427867.2025.2525290},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19427867.2025.2525290},
issn = {1942-7867},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-07-08},
urldate = {2025-07-08},
journal = {Transportation Letters: The International Journal of Transportation Research},
abstract = {The introduction of new mobility services (NMS) strongly depends on the public acceptance. Acceptance is evaluated by allowing users to experience these solutions before their widespread implementation. However, there is limited research on establishing robust frameworks for analyzing travel behavior decisions across the stages and environmental contexts of implementation. This study proposes the mobility experiment twin (MEXT) framework, which integrates cyber and physical experiments using a five-step approach. We introduced shared autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs) as first-last-mile (FLM) urban mobility vehicles in Hanoi. Utilizing randomized controlled trials with cyber and physical groups to estimate the impact of MEXT. The users preferred SAEVs, willingly accepting longer travel times and higher costs, while young people were more inclined to adopt SAEVs with economic costs. Future works must consider more representative experimental locations and develop a theoretical model that better reflects the current SAEV situation in developing societies.},
keywords = {Behavior, Difference-in-differences (DiD), Mobility as a Service, Shared Autonomous Electric Mobility, Transportation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The introduction of new mobility services (NMS) strongly depends on the public acceptance. Acceptance is evaluated by allowing users to experience these solutions before their widespread implementation. However, there is limited research on establishing robust frameworks for analyzing travel behavior decisions across the stages and environmental contexts of implementation. This study proposes the mobility experiment twin (MEXT) framework, which integrates cyber and physical experiments using a five-step approach. We introduced shared autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs) as first-last-mile (FLM) urban mobility vehicles in Hanoi. Utilizing randomized controlled trials with cyber and physical groups to estimate the impact of MEXT. The users preferred SAEVs, willingly accepting longer travel times and higher costs, while young people were more inclined to adopt SAEVs with economic costs. Future works must consider more representative experimental locations and develop a theoretical model that better reflects the current SAEV situation in developing societies.
Li, Wenhao; Seike, Miho; Fujiwara, Akimasa; Chikaraishi, Makoto
Slow walking behavior with negative emotion in smoke-filled model-scale tunnel Journal Article
In: Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 156, pp. 106224, 2025, ISSN: 0886-7798.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Behavior, Emotion, Physiological signal, Shared Autonomous Electric Mobility, Smoke, Tunnel
@article{LI2025106224,
title = {Slow walking behavior with negative emotion in smoke-filled model-scale tunnel},
author = {Wenhao Li and Miho Seike and Akimasa Fujiwara and Makoto Chikaraishi},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0886779824006424},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2024.106224},
issn = {0886-7798},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-01-01},
journal = {Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology},
volume = {156},
pages = {106224},
abstract = {This study delved into the fundamental relationship between negative emotions and slow walking behaviors in a smoke-filled model-scale tunnel. Behavioral patterns and emotional responses were investigated by video observations and physiological signals. Contrary to previous assumptions, it was revealed that the “slow” was not solely indicative of older people, children, or individuals with disabilities. 15.3% of the slow participants paused several times during evacuation, with those in stress and low-stress cases pausing to look around, whereas a portion of those in fear and anxiety cases did nothing during their pause, potentially linked to threat-induced states such as orienting, freezing, and tonic immobility. 20.7% evacuated while stooping, possibly because of participants’ background (the disaster prevention education in Japan). The Difference-in-Differences (DID) estimation results indicated that negative emotions exerted a more pronounced influence on slow speeds compared to the overall speeds.},
keywords = {Behavior, Emotion, Physiological signal, Shared Autonomous Electric Mobility, Smoke, Tunnel},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study delved into the fundamental relationship between negative emotions and slow walking behaviors in a smoke-filled model-scale tunnel. Behavioral patterns and emotional responses were investigated by video observations and physiological signals. Contrary to previous assumptions, it was revealed that the “slow” was not solely indicative of older people, children, or individuals with disabilities. 15.3% of the slow participants paused several times during evacuation, with those in stress and low-stress cases pausing to look around, whereas a portion of those in fear and anxiety cases did nothing during their pause, potentially linked to threat-induced states such as orienting, freezing, and tonic immobility. 20.7% evacuated while stooping, possibly because of participants’ background (the disaster prevention education in Japan). The Difference-in-Differences (DID) estimation results indicated that negative emotions exerted a more pronounced influence on slow speeds compared to the overall speeds.